Response Systems

White Papers


This Carnegie Mellon November 2007 whitepaper (Adapted from the University of Minnesota Office of Classroom Management’s “Student Response Systems Overview”) confirms that meaningful engagement among students is a long standing question. In an effort to address the issue, electronic classroom response systems (CRS) have actually been tested and used in higher education environments dating back to the 1960’s. While much of the research in this whitepaper is higher education based, the findings are also very relevant for today’s k-12 classroom and the use of response systems as an assessment tool.


The EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative's (ELI's) "7 Things You Should Know About..." Series, provides concise information on emerging learning practices and technologies. This brief, focuses on clicker technology and finds that Interaction and engagement - both important learning principles - can be facilitated with clickers. It finds clickers can also facilitate discipline-specific discussions, small work-group cooperation, and student-student interactions. The report concludes that clicker technology enables more effective, more efficient, and more engaging education.

This Brigham Young University 2007 study finds students had overwhelmingly positive responses when the response system tool was used for formative assessment (ungraded quiz or test). In addition, students who were low participators were found to be more interested and engaged in the classroom.



Lesson Plans & Ideas

  • SMART Response Question Sets
  • SMART Response question sets make it easy to add a new dimension to learning. Each set includes 10 questions that can be combined with lesson activities on the same topic. Search question sets correlated to curriculum standards in five countries, Canada, U.S., the U.K., Australia and New Zealand